Approaching automatic cyberbullying detection for Polish tweets

This paper presents contribution to PolEval 20191 automatic cyberbullying detection task. The goal of the task is to classify tweets as harmful or normal. Firstly, the data is preprocessed. Then two classifiers adjusted to the problem are tested: Flair and fastText. Flair utilizes character-based language models, which are evaluated using perplexity. Both classifiers obtained similar scores on test data

The importance of cross-lingual information for matching Wikipedia with the Cyc ontology

In this paper we try to answer the question how cross-lingual evidence may improve matching between different classification schemas. We concentrate specifcally on the task of mapping between Wikipedia categories and Cycterms as well as the classication of Wikipedia articles to the Cyctaxonomy and show how this process may be improved by consuming the evidence that is available in different editions of Wikipedia. The results show that the performance of the mapping procedure may be improved from 0.6 to 4.9 percentage points, depending on the number of external Wikipedia editions and the given task

Automatic mapping of Wikipedia categories into OpenCyc types

The aim of the research presented in the article is the mapping between the English Wikipedia categories and OpenCyc types. The mapping algorithm is heuristic and it takes into account structural similarities between the categories and the corresponding types. The achieved mapping precision ranges from 82 to 92 % (depending on the evaluation scheme), recall from 67 to 76%. The results of the algorithm and its code are available at http://cycloped.i

Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease by means of ensemble classification of patients’ voice samples

This paper proposes a method for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease using ensemble classification of patient voice samples. Conducted research concerned testing the parameters of the ensemble of classifiers, in terms of types and numbers of classifiers included in it. More than a dozen popular classifiers were considered in the study. Additionally, for each of the tested classifiers, a set of features of voice samples were selected, for which a given classifier showed the highest classification efficiency. The Sequential Backward Selection (SBS), which belongs to the wrapper methods, was used for feature selection. The ensemble of classifiers was then tested in two cases, with all features considered and including only those indicated by the SBS method. The obtained results were compared with each other. All experiments were performed on a publicly available database containing voice samples of Parkinson’s patients and healthy patients. This database can be found in the UCI archives

An accurate fingerprint reference point determination method based on curvature estimation of separated ridges

This paper presents an effective method for the detection of a fingerprint’s reference point by analyzing fingerprint ridges’ curvatures. The proposed approach is a multi-stage system. The first step extracts the fingerprint ridges from an image and transforms them into chains of discrete points. In the second step, the obtained chains of points are processed by a dedicated algorithm to detect corners and other points of highest curvature on their planar surface. In a series of experiments we demonstrate that the proposed method based on this algorithm allows effective determination of fingerprint reference points. Furthermore, the proposed method is relatively simple and achieves better results when compared with the approaches known from the literature. The reference point detection experiments were conducted using publicly available fingerprint databases FVC2000, FVC2002, FVC2004 and NIST

Armed conflicts in the post-Soviet region: Present situation, prospects for settlement, consequences. OSW Study 9/2003

Unresolved conflicts continue to smoulder in Transnistria, Chechnya, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia. "Para-states" have formed in most conflict-affected areas. These have grown to become permanent players in the region. In Chechnya, guerrilla fights continue in the wake of the Russian army's siege of the republic. The conflict in Tajikistan ended in 1997 and the normalisation process is currently under way. Each of these conflicts has entailed profound political, social, ethnic and economic changes, as well as affecting other spheres of life. Presently, it is impossible to return to the pre-conflict situation. The "para-states" have fortified their independence and are no longer controlled by the external powers on which they depended in the initial phases of the conflicts

Automatic method of analysis of OCT images in the assessment of the tooth enamel surface after orthodontic treatment with fixed braces

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances, despite years of research and development, still raise a lot of controversy because of its potentially destructive influence on enamel. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the condition and therein the thickness of tooth enamel in order to select the appropriate orthodontic bonding and debonding methodology as well as to assess the quality of enamel after treatment and clean-up procedure in order to choose the most advantageous course of treatment. One of the assessment methods is computed tomography where the measurement of enamel thickness and the 3D reconstruction of image sequences can be performed fully automatically. Material and method: OCT images of 180 teeth were obtained from the Topcon 3D OCT-2000 camera. The images were obtained in vitro by performing sequentially 7 stages of treatment on all the teeth: before any interference into enamel, polishing with orthodontic paste, etching and application of a bonding system, orthodontic bracket bonding, orthodontic bracket removal, cleaning off adhesive residue. A dedicated method for the analysis and processing of images involving median filtering, mathematical morphology, binarization, polynomial approximation and the active contour method has been proposed. Results: The obtained results enable automatic measurement of tooth enamel thickness in 5 seconds using the Core i5 CPU M460 @ 2.5GHz 4GB RAM. For one patient, the proposed method of analysis confirms enamel thickness loss of 80 μm (from 730 ± 165 μm to 650 ± 129 μm) after polishing with paste, enamel thickness loss of 435 μm (from 730 ± 165 μm to 295±55 μm) after etching and bonding resin application, growth of a layer having a thickness of 265 μm (from 295 ± 55 μm to 560 ± 98 μm after etching) which is the adhesive system. After removing an orthodontic bracket, the adhesive residue was 105 μm and after cleaning it off, the enamel thickness was 605 μm. The enamel thickness before and after the whole treatment decreased by about 125 μm. Conclusions: This paper presents an automatic quantitative method for the assessment of tooth enamel thickness. This method has proven to be an effective diagnostic tool that allows evaluation of the surface and cross section of tooth enamel after orthodontic treatment with fixed thin-arched braces and proper selection of the methodology and course of treatment

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum of the lumbosacral spine in the polish hospitalized population : a prospective cohort study

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, clinical features and distribution of lumbosacral ossifications of the ligamentum flavum (OLF), using MRI, CT and microCT, in hospitalized Polish patients. Patients were recruited prospectively between January 2011 and January 2013. Patients were further qualified to the study group only if CT or MRI of the lumbosacral region detected OLF. Level of OLF excision was determined by the localization of spinal stenosis. After excision the LF fragments containing OLF were stored in a 4% solution of formaldehyde until microCT assessment. A total of 184 agreed to take part in the study. In 50 patients (27.2%) OLF were found. Thus, the study group consisted of 17 women (34%) and 33 men, with a mean age of 55.4 \pm 17.2 years. OLF occurred more often in men (66%) than in women (34%) (p = 0.0014). The most common site for the localization of OLF in women, as well as in men was the L5/S1 level (60% and 53.3% respectively). The mean volume of OLF was 3.87\pm 5.27 mm^{3}\left ( 4.66 \pm 5.71 mm^{3} vs. 1.27 \pm 2.19 mm^{3}, in men and women respectively; p = 0.023 \right ). The LF were thickened in 21 (42%) patients. The mean volume of OLF in patients with normal LF was 4.78\pm 5.95 mm^{3} and in patients with thickened LF 5.33\pm 6.10 mm^{3} (p = 0.75). The prevalence of lumbosacral OLF in the Polish hospitalized population is very high. The most common site of their localization is the L5/S1 level. LF thickening is not associated with OLF formation

Empagliflozin. Results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. A breakthrough in treatment of type 2 diabetes?

Cardiovascular (CV) complications are the main health challenge among type 2 diabetic patients. They may cause premature death, disability and reduce the quality of life. Administering a multifactorial intervention aimed at controlling glycaemia, lipaemia and arterial blood pressure allows to reduce the risk of their occurrence. FDA ruled that all newly introduced hypoglycaemic agents must undergo tests for CV safety. The EMPAREG OUTCOME trial was conducted on a group of type 2 diabetic patients at high CV risk. It showed that including empagliflozin in the standard therapy reduces the risk of primary outcome (death from CV causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke) by 14% and all-cause mortality by 32%. The causes of this effect of empagliflozin — an inhibitor of SGLT2, which is an enzyme present only in renal proximal tubules — are unclear. Reduction in insulin resistance and in oxidative stress, changes in lipid levels, reduction in uric acid levels, in albuminuria, in blood pressure and reduction in sympathetic activity are all named as potential mechanisms underlying the  rotective effect of empagliflozin. Results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial are a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes, and if other SGLT2 inhibitors are found to have similar effects, a fundamental change in therapy recommendations for this patient population may be made